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The archeological site of Troy is situated in Turkey, in the city of Hisarlik. The archeological excavation divided the ruins into different layers, numbered Troy I – Troy IX.
The archaeological site of Troy has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage list, since 1998.
The true location of Troy has always been subject for doubt. In 1822 the Scottish journalist Charles Maclaren published A dissertation on the topography of the plain of Troy, in witch he identified the position of the ancient city in north-western Anatolia. In 1866, Frank Calvert, after extensive surveys, declared the hill of New Ilium to be the site of ancient Troy. The hill, near the town of Chanak, was known to the Turks as Hisarlik.
The excavation of the site started in 1868, with the work of German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann . In the 1870s he discovered the ruins of a series of ancient cities dating from the Bronze Age to the Roman period and declared one of these, at first Troy I, later Troy II, to be the city of Troy. Nine layers of Troy are universally accepted as Troy I (3000 – 2500 B.C.) Troy II (2500 – 2200 B.C.), Troy III ( 2200 – 2050 B.C. ), Troy IV ( 2052 – 1900 B. C. ), Troy V ( 1900 – 1800 B. C. ), Troy VI ( 1800 – 1300 B.C. ), Troy VI A ( 1300 – 1260 B.C. ), Troy VII B 1 ( 1260 – 1190 B. C. ) : Troy VII B 2 (1190 – 110 B.C.) Troy VIII (700 – 350 B. C.), Troy IX (350 – 400 A. D.).
Troy had a great power during the Bronze Age, because of its strategic location between Europe and Asia.
Between 3000 - 2000 B. C., Troy was more like a cultural centre, but after the Trojan War, the site was apparently abandoned. About 700 B. C., Greeks occupied the city that received another name, Ilion. From the late 6th century B. C. Alexander the Great ruled over the area After the Romans captured Troy in 85 B. C., it was partially rebuilt. Troy lost its importance, after the occupation of Constantinople. The excavations of the site continue to nowadays.
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